Industrial radiography training, certification and supervision practice questions
20 free practice questions from 10 CFR 34.41 to 34.46 and 34.79. Each answer is explained and linked to the rule it comes from.
Industrial radiography training, certification and supervision
20 questions across 8 topics. After each answer you see why it is right, with a link to the official source.
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Key definitions
1. During a trainee's evaluation, the examiner watches the trainee apply the safety rules and principles of industrial radiography while using all appropriate equipment and procedures. Which term defined in 34.3 matches this demonstration?
- A. Hands-on experience
- B. Practical Examination
- C. Annual refresher safety training
- D. Radiographer certification
Show answer
Answer: B. Practical Examination
34.3 defines a Practical Examination as "a demonstration through practical application of the safety rules and principles in industrial radiography including use of all appropriate equipment and procedures."
2. Under the 34.3 definition, who conducts or provides annual refresher safety training?
- A. A certifying entity, for each radiographer it has certified
- B. The NRC, through its regional offices
- C. The Agreement State where the work is performed
- D. The licensee, for its employees
Show answer
Answer: D. The licensee, for its employees
Annual refresher safety training means "a review conducted or provided by the licensee for its employees on radiation safety aspects of industrial radiography."
3. Under the 34.3 definition, to whom is a radiographer responsible for assuring compliance with the requirements of the Commission's regulations and the conditions of the license?
- A. The licensee
- B. The certifying entity that certified the radiographer
- C. The client who owns the jobsite
- D. The radiographer's assistant
Show answer
Answer: A. The licensee
34.3 defines a radiographer as an individual who performs or personally supervises industrial radiographic operations "and who is responsible to the licensee for assuring compliance with the requirements of the Commission's regulations and the conditions of the license."
Two qualified individuals and locations
4. A radiographer is working at a refinery jobsite, away from any permanent radiographic installation, with a second qualified individual. What does 34.41(a) say this additional qualified individual shall do?
- A. Operate the control drive mechanism while the radiographer performs surveys
- B. Stay at the field station to answer emergency calls
- C. Observe the operations and be capable of providing immediate assistance to prevent unauthorized entry
- D. Fill in the utilization log for each exposure
Show answer
Answer: C. Observe the operations and be capable of providing immediate assistance to prevent unauthorized entry
34.41(a): "The additional qualified individual shall observe the operations and be capable of providing immediate assistance to prevent unauthorized entry."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.41, Conducting industrial radiographic operations (as of Nov 4, 2026)
5. Under 34.41(b), where must radiographic operations conducted at locations of use authorized on the license be conducted, unless specifically authorized by the Commission?
- A. Inside a locked storage area at the field station
- B. At any site where two qualified individuals are present
- C. In a permanent radiographic installation
- D. Inside a vehicle that has been surveyed by the RSO
Show answer
Answer: C. In a permanent radiographic installation
34.41(b): operations at locations of use authorized on the license "must be conducted in a permanent radiographic installation, unless specifically authorized by the Commission."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.41, Conducting industrial radiographic operations (as of Nov 4, 2026)
Radiation Safety Officer
6. An RSO candidate has completed the training and testing requirements of 34.43(a) and has the required hands-on experience as a qualified radiographer. Which further item is part of the minimum qualifications listed in 34.42(a)?
- A. Formal training in the establishment and maintenance of a radiation protection program
- B. A university degree in health physics
- C. A radiographer trainer license issued by the NRC
- D. Five years of service as a radiographer's assistant
Show answer
Answer: A. Formal training in the establishment and maintenance of a radiation protection program
34.42(a)(3) lists "Formal training in the establishment and maintenance of a radiation protection program."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.42, Radiation Safety Officer for industrial radiography (as of Nov 4, 2026)
7. An RSO finds that operations at a jobsite are not being conducted safely. Which authority is included in the RSO's duties under 34.42(c)(5)?
- A. To revoke the radiographer's certification
- B. To grant the licensee an exemption from Part 34
- C. To amend the license conditions on the spot
- D. To assume control for instituting corrective actions including stopping of operations when necessary
Show answer
Answer: D. To assume control for instituting corrective actions including stopping of operations when necessary
34.42(c)(5) includes "Ensuring that operations are conducted safely and to assume control for instituting corrective actions including stopping of operations when necessary."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.42, Radiation Safety Officer for industrial radiography (as of Nov 4, 2026)
8. What duty does 34.42(c)(2) give the RSO for the training program for radiographic personnel?
- A. Issuing radiographer certification to those who complete it
- B. Overseeing and approving all phases of the training program
- C. Submitting each written test to a certifying entity for grading
- D. Teaching every class in person
Show answer
Answer: B. Overseeing and approving all phases of the training program
The RSO's duties include "Overseeing and approving all phases of the training program for radiographic personnel, ensuring that appropriate and effective radiation protection practices are taught."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.42, Radiation Safety Officer for industrial radiography (as of Nov 4, 2026)
Radiographer training and certification
9. A certified radiographer joins a new licensee. Under 34.43(b)(1), which licensee-specific documents must the radiographer have received copies of and instruction in before acting as a radiographer for that licensee?
- A. The licensee's insurance policy and employee handbook
- B. The customer's site safety plan for each jobsite
- C. The NRC license(s) under which the radiographer will perform industrial radiography, and the licensee's operating and emergency procedures
- D. The device manufacturer's sales catalog and warranty terms
Show answer
Answer: C. The NRC license(s) under which the radiographer will perform industrial radiography, and the licensee's operating and emergency procedures
34.43(b)(1) requires copies of and instruction in, among other items, "the NRC license(s) under which the radiographer will perform industrial radiography, and the licensee's operating and emergency procedures".
10. Under 34.43(b)(2), how must an individual demonstrate understanding of the licensee's license and operating and emergency procedures before acting as a radiographer?
- A. By successful completion of a written or oral examination covering this material
- B. By signing a statement that the procedures have been read
- C. By working 2000 hours under a qualified radiographer
- D. By passing a test given by the NRC regional office
Show answer
Answer: A. By successful completion of a written or oral examination covering this material
34.43(b)(2) requires that the individual "Has demonstrated understanding of the licensee's license and operating and emergency procedures by successful completion of a written or oral examination covering this material."
11. A certified radiographer starts work for a new licensee. Besides training in the use of the licensee's radiographic exposure devices and sealed sources, what training does 34.43(b)(3) require before the individual acts as a radiographer?
- A. Training in bidding and pricing radiography jobs
- B. Training in interpreting radiographs for weld acceptance
- C. Training in opening and repairing sealed sources
- D. Training in the daily inspection of devices and associated equipment, and in the use of radiation survey instruments
Show answer
Answer: D. Training in the daily inspection of devices and associated equipment, and in the use of radiation survey instruments
34.43(b)(3) requires that the individual "Has received training in the use of the licensee's radiographic exposure devices, sealed sources, in the daily inspection of devices and associated equipment, and in the use of radiation survey instruments."
12. Which of these is one of the subjects that 34.43(g) says the licensee shall include in radiographer training?
- A. Interpretation of weld defects on radiographs
- B. Case histories of accidents in radiography
- C. Darkroom film processing chemistry
- D. Pricing and bidding radiography jobs
Show answer
Answer: B. Case histories of accidents in radiography
34.43(g)(5) lists "Case histories of accidents in radiography."
Radiographer's assistant training
13. A new hire will work as a radiographer's assistant with the licensee's exposure devices and survey meters. Under 34.43(c)(2), what must the individual have developed before acting as an assistant?
- A. Competence to use, under the personal supervision of the radiographer, the devices, sealed sources, associated equipment and survey instruments the assistant will use
- B. Competence to calibrate, without supervision, the radiation survey instruments the assistant will use, at intervals not to exceed 6 months
- C. Competence to replace sealed sources in the licensee's radiographic exposure devices without the radiographer present
- D. Competence to conduct the job performance inspections of other radiographers' assistants for the RSO
Show answer
Answer: A. Competence to use, under the personal supervision of the radiographer, the devices, sealed sources, associated equipment and survey instruments the assistant will use
34.43(c)(2) requires that the individual "Has developed competence to use, under the personal supervision of the radiographer, the radiographic exposure devices, sealed sources, associated equipment, and radiation survey instruments that the assistant will use".
Refresher training and job performance inspections
14. A radiographer's assistant has not participated in an industrial radiographic operation for more than 6 months since the last inspection. What does 34.43(e)(2) require before the assistant can next participate in a radiographic operation?
- A. Obtaining radiographer certification from a certifying entity
- B. Repeating the written test of 34.43(c)(3)
- C. Repeating 2 months of on-the-job training
- D. Re-demonstrating knowledge of the training requirements of 34.43(c)(2) by a practical examination
Show answer
Answer: D. Re-demonstrating knowledge of the training requirements of 34.43(c)(2) by a practical examination
34.43(e)(2): "the radiographer's assistant must re-demonstrate knowledge of the training requirements of § 34.43(c)(2) by a practical examination before these individuals can next participate in a radiographic operation."
15. What does 34.43(e)(4) say about operations where a single individual serves as both radiographer and RSO and performs all radiography operations?
- A. The inspection program must be conducted by a certifying entity
- B. The individual must be observed by the NRC every 6 months
- C. An inspection program is not required
- D. A second RSO must be named as designee
Show answer
Answer: C. An inspection program is not required
34.43(e)(4): "In those operations where a single individual serves as both radiographer and RSO, and performs all radiography operations, an inspection program is not required."
Supervision of radiographers' assistants
16. Under 34.46, a radiographer's assistant must be under the personal supervision of a radiographer when using radiographic exposure devices, associated equipment or sealed sources. Which other activity does 34.46 say requires that personal supervision?
- A. Reading and recording direct reading dosimeters at the start of the shift
- B. Conducting the radiation surveys required by 34.49(b) to determine that the sealed source has returned to the shielded position after an exposure
- C. Attending the licensee's annual refresher safety training
- D. Making entries in the utilization log for each exposure device
Show answer
Answer: B. Conducting the radiation surveys required by 34.49(b) to determine that the sealed source has returned to the shielded position after an exposure
Under 34.46, whenever a radiographer's assistant "conducts radiation surveys required by § 34.49(b) to determine that the sealed source has returned to the shielded position after an exposure, the assistant shall be under the personal supervision of a radiographer."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.46, Supervision of radiographers' assistants (as of Nov 4, 2026)
17. A radiographer plans to supervise an assistant by phone from the field station while the assistant uses the exposure device at a jobsite. Under 34.46(a), what must personal supervision include?
- A. The radiographer's physical presence at the site where the sealed sources are being used
- B. The radiographer's review of the assistant's utilization log at the end of the day
- C. The radiographer's written approval of each exposure before it is made
- D. The radiographer's signature on the assistant's dosimetry record
Show answer
Answer: A. The radiographer's physical presence at the site where the sealed sources are being used
34.46: "The personal supervision must include: (a) The radiographer's physical presence at the site where the sealed sources are being used."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.46, Supervision of radiographers' assistants (as of Nov 4, 2026)
Training and certification records
18. Under 34.79(b), what must the records of annual refresher safety training list?
- A. Only the total number of training hours given that year
- B. The score each attendee earned on a written test
- C. The topics discussed, the dates the training was conducted, and names of the instructors and attendees
- D. The certifying entity's approval of the training content
Show answer
Answer: C. The topics discussed, the dates the training was conducted, and names of the instructors and attendees
34.79(b): "The records must list the topics discussed during the refresher safety training, the dates the annual refresher safety training was conducted, and names of the instructors and attendees."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.79, Records of training and certification (as of Nov 4, 2026)
19. Under 34.79(b), what must the records of inspections of job performance also include?
- A. A copy of the inspector's own radiographer certification
- B. The client's signature for each job observed
- C. Photographs of each exposure setup
- D. A list showing the items checked and any non-compliances observed by the RSO
Show answer
Answer: D. A list showing the items checked and any non-compliances observed by the RSO
34.79(b): "For inspections of job performance, the records must also include a list showing the items checked and any non-compliances observed by the RSO."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.79, Records of training and certification (as of Nov 4, 2026)
20. Which item does 34.79(a) say the record of training of each radiographer and radiographer's assistant must include?
- A. The individual's home address
- B. Copies of written tests
- C. The individual's school transcripts
- D. Letters of reference from prior employers
Show answer
Answer: B. Copies of written tests
34.79(a): "The record must include radiographer certification documents and verification of certification status, copies of written tests, dates of oral and practical examinations, and names of individuals conducting and receiving the oral and practical examinations."
Source: eCFR: 10 CFR 34.79, Records of training and certification (as of Nov 4, 2026)