CDL cargo securement study guide

The cargo securement rules of Subpart I apply to trucks, truck tractors, semitrailers, full trailers and pole trailers.

“The rules in this subpart are applicable to trucks, truck tractors, semitrailers, full trailers, and pole trailers.”

49 CFR 393.100, Applicability and general requirements of cargo securement standards

When a commercial motor vehicle carries cargo on public roads, it must be loaded and equipped, and the cargo secured, so the cargo cannot leak, spill, blow or fall from the vehicle.

“Each commercial motor vehicle must, when transporting cargo on public roads, be loaded and equipped, and the cargo secured, in accordance with this subpart to prevent the cargo from leaking, spilling, blowing or falling from the motor vehicle.”

49 CFR 393.100, Applicability and general requirements of cargo securement standards

Cargo must be contained, immobilized or secured so it cannot shift on or within the vehicle so much that the vehicle's stability or maneuverability is adversely affected.

“Cargo must be contained, immobilized or secured in accordance with this subpart to prevent shifting upon or within the vehicle to such an extent that the vehicle's stability or maneuverability is adversely affected.”

49 CFR 393.100, Applicability and general requirements of cargo securement standards

The general rules of 393.106 apply to all types of cargo except bulk commodities that lack structure or fixed shape (such as liquids, gases, grain, sand or gravel) carried in a tank, hopper, box or similar device that forms part of the vehicle's structure.

“The rules in this section are applicable to the transportation of all types of articles of cargo, except commodities in bulk that lack structure or fixed shape (e.g., liquids, gases, grain, liquid concrete, sand, gravel, aggregates) and are transported in a tank, hopper, box, or similar device that forms part of the structure of a commercial motor vehicle.”

49 CFR 393.106, General requirements for securing articles of cargo

The general rules also apply to the commodities that have their own rules in 393.116 to 393.136; where a commodity rule gives additional requirements, the commodity rule takes precedence.

“The rules in this section apply to the cargo types covered by the commodity-specific rules of § 393.116 through § 393.136. The commodity-specific rules take precedence over the general requirements of this section when additional requirements are given for a commodity listed in those sections.”

49 CFR 393.106, General requirements for securing articles of cargo

Cargo must be firmly immobilized or secured on or within the vehicle by structures of adequate strength, dunnage or dunnage bags, shoring bars, tiedowns or a combination of these.

“Cargo must be firmly immobilized or secured on or within a vehicle by structures of adequate strength, dunnage or dunnage bags, shoring bars, tiedowns or a combination of these.”

49 CFR 393.106, General requirements for securing articles of cargo

Articles likely to roll must be restrained by chocks, wedges, a cradle or other equivalent means, and that means must not be able to come unintentionally unfastened or loose in transit.

“Articles of cargo that are likely to roll must be restrained by chocks, wedges, a cradle or other equivalent means to prevent rolling. The means of preventing rolling must not be capable of becoming unintentionally unfastened or loose while the vehicle is in transit.”

49 CFR 393.106, General requirements for securing articles of cargo

Articles placed beside each other and secured by transverse tiedowns must either be in direct contact with each other or be prevented from shifting towards each other in transit.

“Articles or cargo placed beside each other and secured by transverse tiedowns must either: (i) Be placed in direct contact with each other, or (ii) Be prevented from shifting towards each other while in transit.”

49 CFR 393.106, General requirements for securing articles of cargo

Tiedown assemblies (chains, wire rope, steel strapping, synthetic webbing and cordage) and other attachment or fastening devices must be designed, installed and maintained so the maximum forces on them do not exceed the manufacturer's breaking strength rating under each of these conditions, applied separately: 0.8 g deceleration forward, 0.5 g acceleration rearward and 0.5 g acceleration in a lateral direction.

“Tiedown assemblies (including chains, wire rope, steel strapping, synthetic webbing, and cordage) and other attachment or fastening devices used to secure articles of cargo to, or in, commercial motor vehicles must be designed, installed, and maintained to ensure that the maximum forces acting on the devices or systems do not exceed the manufacturer's breaking strength rating under the following conditions, applied separately: (i) 0.8 g deceleration in the forward direction; (ii) 0.5 g acceleration in the rearward direction; and (iii) 0.5 g acceleration in a lateral direction.”

49 CFR 393.102, Minimum performance criteria for cargo securement devices and systems

The same devices must also be designed, installed and maintained so the forces on them do not exceed their working load limit under each of these conditions, applied separately: 0.435 g deceleration forward, 0.5 g acceleration rearward and 0.25 g acceleration in a lateral direction.

“Tiedown assemblies (including chains, wire rope, steel strapping, synthetic webbing, and cordage) and other attachment or fastening devices used to secure articles of cargo to, or in, commercial motor vehicles must be designed, installed, and maintained to ensure that the forces acting on the devices or systems do not exceed the working load limit for the devices under the following conditions, applied separately: (i) 0.435 g deceleration in the forward direction; (ii) 0.5 g acceleration in the rearward direction; and (iii) 0.25 g acceleration in a lateral direction.”

49 CFR 393.102, Minimum performance criteria for cargo securement devices and systems

If an article is not fully contained within the structure of the vehicle, the securement system must provide a downward force equal to at least 20 percent of the article's weight. A fully contained article may be secured under 393.106(b).

“Securement systems must provide a downward force equivalent to at least 20 percent of the weight of the article of cargo if the article is not fully contained within the structure of the vehicle. If the article is fully contained within the structure of the vehicle, it may be secured in accordance with § 393.106(b).”

49 CFR 393.102, Minimum performance criteria for cargo securement devices and systems

One of the options that counts as meeting the performance requirements is cargo that is immobilized so it cannot shift or tip enough to adversely affect the vehicle's stability or maneuverability.

“The means of securing articles of cargo are considered to meet the performance requirements of this section if the cargo is: (1) Immobilized, such so that it cannot shift or tip to the extent that the vehicle's stability or maneuverability is adversely affected; or”

49 CFR 393.102, Minimum performance criteria for cargo securement devices and systems

Another option is a sided vehicle with walls of adequate strength, where each article is in contact with, or close enough to, a wall or other articles that it cannot shift or tip enough to adversely affect stability or maneuverability.

“Transported in a sided vehicle that has walls of adequate strength, such that each article of cargo within the vehicle is in contact with, or sufficiently close to a wall or other articles, so that it cannot shift or tip to the extent that the vehicle's stability or maneuverability is adversely affected; or”

49 CFR 393.102, Minimum performance criteria for cargo securement devices and systems

The third option is securing the cargo under the applicable requirements of 393.104 through 393.136.

“(3) Secured in accordance with the applicable requirements of §§ 393.104 through 393.136.”

49 CFR 393.102, Minimum performance criteria for cargo securement devices and systems

All devices and systems used to secure cargo must be capable of meeting the performance criteria of 393.102.

“All devices and systems used to secure cargo to or within a vehicle must be capable of meeting the requirements of § 393.102.”

49 CFR 393.104, Standards for cargo securement devices and systems

Tiedowns and other securement parts must be in proper working order when used, with no damaged or weakened components (such as cracks or cuts) that will adversely affect their performance, including reducing the working load limit.

“All tiedowns, cargo securement systems, parts and components used to secure cargo must be in proper working order when used to perform that function with no damaged or weakened components, such as, but not limited to, cracks or cuts that will adversely affect their performance for cargo securement purposes, including reducing the working load limit.”

49 CFR 393.104, Standards for cargo securement devices and systems

Vehicle structures, floors, walls, decks, anchor points, headerboards, bulkheads, stakes, posts and their mounting pockets used to contain or secure cargo must be strong enough to meet the 393.102 criteria.

“Vehicle structures, floors, walls, decks, tiedown anchor points, headerboards, bulkheads, stakes, posts, and associated mounting pockets used to contain or secure articles of cargo must be strong enough to meet the performance criteria of § 393.102”

49 CFR 393.104, Standards for cargo securement devices and systems

Dunnage, dunnage bags, chocks, cradles, shoring bars and blocking and bracing material must not have damage or defects that would compromise the securement system.

“Material used as dunnage or dunnage bags, chocks, cradles, shoring bars, or used for blocking and bracing, must not have damage or defects which would compromise the effectiveness of the securement system.”

49 CFR 393.104, Standards for cargo securement devices and systems

Tiedowns and securing devices must not contain knots.

“Tiedowns and securing devices must not contain knots.”

49 CFR 393.104, Standards for cargo securement devices and systems

A repaired tiedown must be repaired under the applicable manufacturing standards in 393.104(e) or the manufacturer's instructions.

“If a tiedown is repaired, it must be repaired in accordance with the applicable standards in paragraph (e) of this section, or the manufacturer's instructions.”

49 CFR 393.104, Standards for cargo securement devices and systems

Each tiedown must be attached and secured so it cannot become loose, unfasten, open or release while the vehicle is in transit.

“Each tiedown must be attached and secured in a manner that prevents it from becoming loose, unfastening, opening or releasing while the vehicle is in transit.”

49 CFR 393.104, Standards for cargo securement devices and systems

Edge protection must be used whenever a tiedown would be subject to abrasion or cutting where it touches the cargo, and the edge protection must resist abrasion, cutting and crushing.

“Edge protection must be used whenever a tiedown would be subject to abrasion or cutting at the point where it touches an article of cargo. The edge protection must resist abrasion, cutting and crushing.”

49 CFR 393.104, Standards for cargo securement devices and systems

Each tiedown, its connectors or its attachment mechanisms must be designed, built and maintained so the driver of an in-transit vehicle can tighten them. This does not apply to steel strapping.

“Each tiedown, or its associated connectors, or its attachment mechanisms must be designed, constructed, and maintained so the driver of an in-transit commercial motor vehicle can tighten them. However, this requirement does not apply to the use of steel strapping.”

49 CFR 393.112, Adjustability of tiedowns

The aggregate working load limit of the tiedowns securing an article or group of articles must be at least one-half times the weight of the article or group.

“The aggregate working load limit of tiedowns used to secure an article or group of articles against movement must be at least one-half times the weight of the article or group of articles.”

49 CFR 393.106, General requirements for securing articles of cargo

The aggregate working load limit is the sum of: one-half the working load limit of each tiedown that goes from an anchor point on the vehicle to an anchor point on the cargo; one-half the working load limit of each tiedown attached to the vehicle that passes through, over or around the cargo and is then attached on the same side of the vehicle; and the full working load limit of each tiedown that goes from the vehicle, through, over or around the cargo, and attaches to an anchor point on the other side of the vehicle.

“The aggregate working load limit is the sum of: (1) One-half the working load limit of each tiedown that goes from an anchor point on the vehicle to an anchor point on an article of cargo; (2) One-half the working load limit of each tiedown that is attached to an anchor point on the vehicle, passes through, over, or around the article of cargo, and is then attached to an anchor point on the same side of the vehicle. (3) The working load limit for each tiedown that goes from an anchor point on the vehicle, through, over, or around the article of cargo, and then attaches to another anchor point on the other side of the vehicle.”

49 CFR 393.106, General requirements for securing articles of cargo

The working load limit of a tiedown is the lowest working load limit of any of its components (including the tensioner), or the working load limit of the anchor points it is attached to, whichever is less.

“The working load limit (WLL) of a tiedown, associated connector or attachment mechanism is the lowest working load limit of any of its components (including tensioner), or the working load limit of the anchor points to which it is attached, whichever is less.”

49 CFR 393.108, Determining the working load limit of a tiedown or the load restraining value of a friction mat

Working load limits may be taken from the manufacturer's markings or from the tables in 393.108. The tables are used when the material is not marked; marked material has the working load limit it is marked with, even when that differs from the tables.

“The working load limits of tiedowns may be determined by using either the tiedown manufacturer's markings or by using the tables in this section. The working load limits listed in the tables are to be used when the tiedown material is not marked by the manufacturer with the working load limit. Tiedown materials which are marked by the manufacturer with working load limits that differ from the tables, shall be considered to have a working load limit equal to the value for which they are marked.”

49 CFR 393.108, Determining the working load limit of a tiedown or the load restraining value of a friction mat

Synthetic cordage that is not marked or labeled to identify its composition or working load limit is treated as having the working load limit of polypropylene fiber rope.

“Synthetic cordage (e.g., nylon, polypropylene, polyester) which is not marked or labeled to enable identification of its composition or working load limit shall be considered to have a working load limit equal to that for polypropylene fiber rope.”

49 CFR 393.108, Determining the working load limit of a tiedown or the load restraining value of a friction mat

Welded steel chain that is not marked or labeled to identify its grade or working load limit is treated as grade 30 proof coil chain.

“Welded steel chain which is not marked or labeled to enable identification of its grade or working load limit shall be considered to have a working load limit equal to that for grade 30 proof coil chain.”

49 CFR 393.108, Determining the working load limit of a tiedown or the load restraining value of a friction mat

Wire rope not marked by the manufacturer with a working load limit is treated as having one-fourth of the nominal strength listed in the Wire Rope Users Manual.

“Wire rope which is not marked by the manufacturer with a working load limit shall be considered to have a working load limit equal to one-fourth of the nominal strength listed in the Wire Rope Users Manual.”

49 CFR 393.108, Determining the working load limit of a tiedown or the load restraining value of a friction mat

Friction mats not marked or rated by the manufacturer are treated as resisting horizontal movement equal to 50 percent of the weight placed on the mat.

“Friction mats which are not marked or rated by the manufacturer shall be considered to provide resistance to horizontal movement equal to 50 percent of the weight placed on the mat.”

49 CFR 393.108, Determining the working load limit of a tiedown or the load restraining value of a friction mat

When tiedowns are used, the minimum number depends on the length of the article(s) and on 393.110(b) and (c). These requirements are in addition to the rules in 393.106 (such as the aggregate working load limit).

“When tiedowns are used as part of a cargo securement system, the minimum number of tiedowns required to secure an article or group of articles against movement depends on the length of the article(s) being secured, and the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. These requirements are in addition to the rules under § 393.106.”

49 CFR 393.110, Additional requirements for determining the minimum number of tiedowns

When an article is not blocked or positioned against forward movement (by a headerboard, bulkhead, other cargo positioned to prevent movement, or other blocking), it needs at least one tiedown if it is 5 feet or less in length and 1,100 pounds or less in weight.

“When an article is not blocked or positioned to prevent movement in the forward direction by a headerboard, bulkhead, other cargo that is positioned to prevent movement, or other appropriate blocking devices, it must be secured by at least: (1) One tiedown for articles 5 feet (1.52 meters) or less in length, and 1,100 pounds (500 kg) or less in weight;”

49 CFR 393.110, Additional requirements for determining the minimum number of tiedowns

Such an unblocked article needs at least two tiedowns if it is 5 feet or less in length and more than 1,100 pounds, or if it is longer than 5 feet but no more than 10 feet, whatever its weight.

“Two tiedowns if the article is: (i) 5 feet (1.52 meters) or less in length and more than 1,100 pounds (500 kg) in weight; or (ii) Longer than 5 feet (1.52 meters) but less than or equal to 10 feet (3.04 meters) in length, irrespective of the weight.”

49 CFR 393.110, Additional requirements for determining the minimum number of tiedowns

An unblocked article longer than 10 feet needs two tiedowns plus one more for every 10 feet of length, or fraction of 10 feet, beyond the first 10 feet.

“Two tiedowns if the article is longer than 10 feet (3.04 meters), and one additional tiedown for every 10 feet (3.04 meters) of article length, or fraction thereof, beyond the first 10 feet (3.04 meters) of length.”

49 CFR 393.110, Additional requirements for determining the minimum number of tiedowns

An individual article that is blocked, braced or immobilized against forward movement (by a headerboard, bulkhead, other adequately secured articles or another appropriate method) needs at least one tiedown for every 10 feet of length, or fraction of 10 feet.

“If an individual article is blocked, braced, or immobilized to prevent movement in the forward direction by a headerboard, bulkhead, other articles which are adequately secured or by an appropriate blocking or immobilization method, it must be secured by at least one tiedown for every 3.04 meters (10 feet) of article length, or fraction thereof.”

49 CFR 393.110, Additional requirements for determining the minimum number of tiedowns

The tiedown-count rules do not apply to a vehicle carrying articles such as machinery or fabricated structural items (steel or concrete beams, crane booms, girders, trusses) that must be fastened by special methods because of their design, size, shape or weight. Any cargo on that vehicle must still be securely and adequately fastened.

“The rules in this section do not apply to a vehicle transporting one or more articles of cargo such as, but not limited to, machinery or fabricated structural items (e.g., steel or concrete beams, crane booms, girders, and trusses, etc.) which, because of their design, size, shape, or weight, must be fastened by special methods. However, any article of cargo carried on that vehicle must be securely and adequately fastened to the vehicle.”

49 CFR 393.110, Additional requirements for determining the minimum number of tiedowns

The front end structure rules apply to vehicles carrying cargo that is in contact with the vehicle's front end structure.

“The rules in this section are applicable to commercial motor vehicles transporting articles of cargo that are in contact with the front end structure of the vehicle.”

49 CFR 393.114, Requirements for front end structures used as part of a cargo securement system

The front end structure must reach either 4 feet above the vehicle floor or the height at which it blocks forward movement of any cargo, whichever is lower.

“The front end structure must extend either to a height of 4 feet above the floor of the vehicle or to a height at which it blocks forward movement of any item or article of cargo being carried on the vehicle, whichever is lower.”

49 CFR 393.114, Requirements for front end structures used as part of a cargo securement system

Its width must be at least the width of the vehicle or enough to block forward movement of any cargo, whichever is narrower.

“The front end structure must have a width which is at least equal to the width of the vehicle or which blocks forward movement of any article of cargo being transported on the vehicle, whichever is narrower.”

49 CFR 393.114, Requirements for front end structures used as part of a cargo securement system

A front end structure less than 6 feet high must be capable of withstanding a horizontal forward static load equal to one-half (0.5) of the weight of the cargo, uniformly distributed over the part of the structure within 4 feet above the floor or at or below the height at which it blocks forward movement of the cargo, whichever is less.

“The front end structure must be capable of withstanding the following horizontal forward static load: (1) For a front end structure less than 6 feet in height, a horizontal forward static load equal to one-half (0.5) of the weight of the articles of cargo being transported on the vehicle uniformly distributed over the entire portion of the front end structure that is within 4 feet above the vehicle's floor or that is at or below a height above the vehicle's floor at which it blocks forward movement of any article of the vehicle's cargo, whichever is less; or”

49 CFR 393.114, Requirements for front end structures used as part of a cargo securement system

A front end structure 6 feet high or higher must withstand a horizontal forward static load of four-tenths (0.4) of the cargo's weight, uniformly distributed over the entire structure.

“For a front end structure 6 feet in height or higher, a horizontal forward static load equal to four-tenths (0.4) of the weight of the articles of cargo being transported on the vehicle uniformly distributed over the entire front end structure.”

49 CFR 393.114, Requirements for front end structures used as part of a cargo securement system

The front end structure must be designed, built and maintained so it can resist penetration by any cargo that touches it when the vehicle decelerates at 20 feet per second, per second, and it must have no opening large enough for cargo in contact with it to pass through.

“The front end structure must be designed, constructed, and maintained so that it is capable of resisting penetration by any article of cargo that contacts it when the vehicle decelerates at a rate of 20 feet per second, per second. The front end structure must have no aperture large enough to permit any article of cargo in contact with the structure to pass through it.”

49 CFR 393.114, Requirements for front end structures used as part of a cargo securement system

Devices that perform the same functions may be used instead, if they are at least as strong as, and protect against shifting cargo at least as well as, a conforming front end structure.

“The requirements of this section may be met by the use of devices performing the same functions as a front end structure, if the devices are at least as strong as, and provide protection against shifting articles of cargo at least equal to, a front end structure which conforms to those requirements.”

49 CFR 393.114, Requirements for front end structures used as part of a cargo securement system

The log rules of 393.116 have exceptions: logs unitized by banding or other comparable means, and loads of no more than four processed logs, may be transported under the general rules of 393.100 through 393.114. Firewood, stumps, log debris and other such short logs must be carried in a vehicle or container enclosed on both sides, front and rear and strong enough to contain them; longer logs may also be loaded that way.

“The rules in this section are applicable to the transportation of logs with the following exceptions: (1) Logs that are unitized by banding or other comparable means may be transported in accordance with the general cargo securement rules of §§ 393.100 through 393.114. (2) Loads that consist of no more than four processed logs may be transported in accordance with the general cargo securement rules of §§ 393.100 through 393.114. (3) Firewood, stumps, log debris and other such short logs must be transported in a vehicle or container enclosed on both sides, front, and rear and of adequate strength to contain them. Longer logs may also be so loaded.”

49 CFR 393.116, Specific securement requirements for logs

Otherwise, logs must be carried on a vehicle designed and built, or adapted, for logs, fitted with bunks, bolsters, stakes or standards, or other equivalent means, that cradle the logs and prevent them from rolling.

“Logs must be transported on a vehicle designed and built, or adapted, for the transportation of logs. Any such vehicle must be fitted with bunks, bolsters, stakes or standards, or other equivalent means, that cradle the logs and prevent them from rolling.”

49 CFR 393.116, Specific securement requirements for logs

The aggregate working load limit of tiedowns securing a stack of logs on a frame vehicle, or on a flatbed equipped with bunks, bolsters or stakes, must be at least one-sixth the weight of the stack.

“The aggregate working load limit for tiedowns used to secure a stack of logs on a frame vehicle, or a flatbed vehicle equipped with bunks, bolsters, or stakes must be at least one-sixth the weight of the stack of logs.”

49 CFR 393.116, Specific securement requirements for logs

The metal coil rules apply to one or more coils that, individually or grouped together, weigh 5,000 pounds (2268 kg) or more. Lighter shipments may be secured under the general rules of 393.100 through 393.114.

“The rules in this section apply to the transportation of one or more metal coils which, individually or grouped together, weigh 2268 kg (5000 pounds) or more. Shipments of metal coils that weigh less than 2268 kg (5000 pounds) may be secured in accordance with the provisions of §§ 393.100 through 393.114.”

49 CFR 393.120, Specific securement requirements for metal coils

When coils are transported with eyes crosswise, attaching tiedowns diagonally through the eye of a coil to form an X-pattern (viewed from above the vehicle) is prohibited.

“(2) Prohibition on crossing of tiedowns when coils are transported with eyes crosswise. Attaching tiedowns diagonally through the eye of a coil to form an X-pattern when viewed from above the vehicle is prohibited.”

49 CFR 393.120, Specific securement requirements for metal coils

When an intermodal container is transported on a container chassis vehicle, all lower corners of the container must be secured to the chassis with securement devices or integral locking devices that cannot unintentionally become unfastened in transit.

“(b) Securement of intermodal containers transported on container chassis vehicle(s). (1) All lower corners of the intermodal container must be secured to the container chassis with securement devices or integral locking devices that cannot unintentionally become unfastened while the vehicle is in transit.”

49 CFR 393.126, Specific securement requirements for intermodal containers

Those devices must keep the container from moving more than 1/2 inch forward, aft, right or left, or more than 1 inch vertically, and the front and rear of the container must be secured independently.

“The securement devices must restrain the container from moving more than 1.27 cm (1/2 in) forward, more than 1.27 cm (1/2 in) aft, more than 1.27 cm (1/2 in) to the right, more than 1.27 cm (1/2 in) to the left, or more than 2.54 cm (1 in) vertically. (3) The front and rear of the container must be secured independently.”

49 CFR 393.126, Specific securement requirements for intermodal containers

Section 393.128 covers automobiles, light trucks and vans that individually weigh 10,000 lb (4,536 kg) or less (heavier ones are secured under 393.130). They must be restrained at both front and rear against lateral, forward, rearward and vertical movement using a minimum of two tiedowns.

“The rules in this section apply to the transportation of automobiles, light trucks, and vans which individually weigh 4,536 kg. (10,000 lb) or less. Vehicles which individually are heavier than 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) must be secured in accordance with the provisions of § 393.130 of this part. (b) Securement of automobiles, light trucks, and vans. (1) Automobiles, light trucks, and vans must be restrained at both the front and rear to prevent lateral, forward, rearward, and vertical movement using a minimum of two tiedowns.”

49 CFR 393.128, Specific securement requirements for automobiles, light trucks, and vans

Section 393.130 covers heavy vehicles, equipment and machinery on wheels or tracks (such as front end loaders, bulldozers, tractors and power shovels) that individually weigh 10,000 lb (4,536 kg) or more; lighter ones may be secured under it, under 393.128 or under 393.100 through 393.114. Accessory equipment such as hydraulic shovels must be completely lowered and secured, articulated vehicles must be restrained against articulation, and equipment with crawler tracks or wheels must be restrained against lateral, forward, rearward and vertical movement using a minimum of four tiedowns.

“The rules in this section apply to the transportation of heavy vehicles, equipment and machinery which operate on wheels or tracks, such as front end loaders, bulldozers, tractors, and power shovels and which individually weigh 4,536 kg (10,000 lb.) or more. Vehicles, equipment and machinery which is lighter than 4,536 kg (10,000 lb.) may also be secured in accordance with the provisions of this section, with § 393.128, or in accordance with the provisions of §§ 393.100 through 393.114. (b) Preparation of equipment being transported. (1) Accessory equipment, such as hydraulic shovels, must be completely lowered and secured to the vehicle. (2) Articulated vehicles shall be restrained in a manner that prevents articulation while in transit. (c) Securement of heavy vehicles, equipment or machinery with crawler tracks or wheels. (1) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, heavy equipment or machinery with crawler tracks or wheels must be restrained against movement in the lateral, forward, rearward, and vertical direction using a minimum of four tiedowns.”

49 CFR 393.130, Specific securement requirements for heavy vehicles, equipment, and machinery