CDL Hazmat placarding study guide
The placarding rules in 49 CFR Part 172 Subpart F say when a bulk packaging, freight container, transport vehicle or rail car carrying hazardous materials must display placards, who provides and affixes them, and how they are displayed. This guide sets out what the rule text states on which materials the subpart leaves out, the highway duties of the person offering the material and of the motor carrier, prohibited and permissive placarding, Table 1 and Table 2 of 172.504, the exception for less than 454 kg (1,001 pounds) of Table 2 materials and for empty packages, the DANGEROUS placard and other substitutions, subsidiary hazard and bulk packaging placarding, and visibility and display. Many exceptions apply only to Table 2 materials, only to non-bulk packagings or only to domestic transportation, so the exact words matter. Placard colors and artwork, the rail-only sections (172.508 and 172.510) and the air-only provisions are not covered. The hazardous materials (H) endorsement also requires a TSA security threat assessment and a State knowledge test, which this guide does not cover. Your State may have its own requirements, so check them too. Every point links to the regulation and quotes its exact words.
Who the placarding rules cover
Each person who offers for transportation or transports any hazardous material subject to the Hazardous Materials Regulations must comply with the placarding requirements of Subpart F that apply.
“Each person who offers for transportation or transports any hazardous material subject to this subchapter shall comply with the applicable placarding requirements of this subpart.”
The placarding subpart does not apply to infectious substances.
“This subpart does not apply to— (1) Infectious substances;”
It does not apply to hazardous materials authorized to be offered as a limited quantity when they are identified as such on a shipping paper in accordance with 172.203(b) or marked as such in accordance with 172.315.
“(2) Hazardous materials authorized by this subchapter to be offered for transportation as a limited quantity when identified as such on a shipping paper in accordance with § 172.203(b) or when marked as such in accordance with § 172.315.”
It does not apply to hazardous materials packaged as small quantities under 173.4, 173.4a or 173.4b.
“(4) Hazardous materials which are packaged as small quantities under the provisions of §§ 173.4, 173.4a, 173.4b of this subchapter; and”
It does not apply to combustible liquids in non-bulk packagings. The exception is limited to non-bulk packagings.
“(5) Combustible liquids in non-bulk packagings.”
Not covered here
Which materials qualify as limited quantities or as small quantities under 173.4, 173.4a or 173.4b is not covered here, nor are hazardous materials prepared in accordance with 173.13, which the subpart also does not apply to. We only write what an official source states, so study these parts with your certifying program's materials.
Providing and affixing placards
Each person offering a motor carrier a hazardous material for transportation by highway must provide the required placards to the motor carrier prior to or at the same time the material is offered, unless the carrier's motor vehicle is already placarded for the material as required by the subpart.
“Each person offering a motor carrier a hazardous material for transportation by highway shall provide to the motor carrier the required placards for the material being offered prior to or at the same time the material is offered for transportation, unless the carrier's motor vehicle is already placarded for the material as required by this subpart.”
No motor carrier may transport a hazardous material in a motor vehicle unless the placards required for the material are affixed to it as the subpart requires.
“No motor carrier may transport a hazardous material in a motor vehicle, unless the placards required for the hazardous material are affixed thereto as required by this subpart.”
Each motor vehicle used to transport a package of highway route controlled quantity Class 7 (radioactive) materials must have the required RADIOACTIVE warning placard placed on a square background as described in 172.527.
“Each motor vehicle used to transport a package of highway route controlled quantity Class 7 (radioactive) materials (see § 173.403 of this subchapter) must have the required RADIOACTIVE warning placard placed on a square background as described in § 172.527.”
A nurse tank meeting 173.315(m) is not required to be placarded on an end containing valves, fittings, regulators or gauges when those appurtenances prevent the markings and placard from being properly placed and visible.
“A nurse tank, meeting the provisions of § 173.315(m) of this subchapter, is not required to be placarded on an end containing valves, fittings, regulators or gauges when those appurtenances prevent the markings and placard from being properly placed and visible.”
For a freight container or aircraft unit load device with a capacity of 640 cubic feet or more, each person who offers a hazardous material in it, and each person who loads and transports it, must affix the placards specified for the material in accordance with 172.504, subject to the exceptions that follow in 172.512(a).
“Each person who offers for transportation, and each person who loads and transports, a hazardous material in a freight container or aircraft unit load device having a capacity of 640 cubic feet or more shall affix to the freight container or aircraft unit load device the placards specified for the material in accordance with § 172.504. However:”
49 CFR 172.512, Freight containers and aircraft unit load devices
When hazardous materials are offered for transportation not involving air transportation in a freight container with a capacity of less than 640 cubic feet, the freight container need not be placarded; if it is not placarded, it must be labeled in accordance with Subpart E.
“When hazardous materials are offered for transportation, not involving air transportation, in a freight container having a capacity of less than 640 cubic feet the freight container need not be placarded. However, if not placarded, it must be labeled in accordance with subpart E of this part.”
49 CFR 172.512, Freight containers and aircraft unit load devices
Not covered here
Rail placarding (172.508 and 172.510) and the air-only rules for freight containers and unit load devices in 172.512 are not covered. We only write what an official source states, so study these parts with your certifying program's materials.
Prohibited and permissive placarding
Except as 172.502(b) provides, no person may affix or display a placard described in the subpart on a packaging, freight container, unit load device, motor vehicle or rail car unless each listed condition is met. Two of the conditions are that the material is a hazardous material and that the placard represents a hazard of that material.
“Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, no person may affix or display on a packaging, freight container, unit load device, motor vehicle or rail car— (1) Any placard described in this subpart unless— (i) The material being offered or transported is a hazardous material; (ii) The placard represents a hazard of the hazardous material being offered or transported; and”
No person may display any sign, advertisement, slogan (such as “Drive Safely”) or device that, by its color, design, shape or content, could be confused with a placard prescribed in the subpart.
“(2) Any sign, advertisement, slogan (such as “Drive Safely”), or device that, by its color, design, shape or content, could be confused with any placard prescribed in this subpart.”
These restrictions do not apply to a bulk packaging, freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle or rail car placarded in conformance with the TDG Regulations, the IMDG Code or the UN Recommendations.
“The restrictions in paragraph (a) of this section do not apply to a bulk packaging, freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle or rail car which is placarded in conformance with TDG Regulations, the IMDG Code or the UN Recommendations”
Placards may be displayed for a hazardous material even when not required, if the placarding otherwise conforms to the requirements of the subpart.
“Placards may be displayed for a hazardous material, even when not required, if the placarding otherwise conforms to the requirements of this subpart.”
Hazardous materials that possess secondary hazards may exhibit subsidiary placards that correspond to the placards described in Part 172, even when not required.
“Hazardous materials that possess secondary hazards may exhibit subsidiary placards that correspond to the placards described in this part, even when not required by this part”
General requirements and the placard tables
Except as otherwise provided in the Hazardous Materials Regulations, each bulk packaging, freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle or rail car containing any quantity of a hazardous material must be placarded on each side and each end with the type of placards specified in Tables 1 and 2 of 172.504 and in accordance with the other requirements of the subpart.
“Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, each bulk packaging, freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle or rail car containing any quantity of a hazardous material must be placarded on each side and each end with the type of placards specified in tables 1 and 2 of this section and in accordance with other placarding requirements of this subpart”
In Table 1, the Division 6.1 row covers material poisonous by inhalation, with a pointer to 171.8.
“6.1 (material poisonous by inhalation (see § 171.8 of this subchapter))”
In Table 2, the Division 6.1 row covers material other than material poisonous by inhalation.
“6.1 (other than material poisonous by inhalation)”
The Class 7 row of Table 1 is limited to radioactive material with the Radioactive Yellow III label only.
“7 (Radioactive Yellow III label only)”
A footnote to the Class 7 row adds that RADIOACTIVE placards are also required for all shipments of unpackaged LSA-I material or SCO-I, all shipments required by 173.427, 173.441 and 173.457 to be operated under exclusive use, and all closed vehicles used in accordance with 173.443(d).
“RADIOACTIVE placards are also required for: All shipments of unpackaged LSA-I material or SCO-I; all shipments required by §§ 173.427, 173.441, and 173.457 of this subchapter to be operated under exclusive use; and all closed vehicles used in accordance with § 173.443(d).”
Not covered here
The tables are not reproduced row by row; check Table 1 and Table 2 in 172.504(e) for each class or division and its placard. We only write what an official source states, so study these parts with your certifying program's materials.
The 454 kg exception and empty packages
Except for bulk packagings and hazardous materials subject to 172.505, when Table 2 materials are transported by highway or rail, placards are not required on a transport vehicle or freight container that contains less than 454 kg (1,001 pounds) aggregate gross weight of Table 2 materials. This is one of two listed cases.
“Except for bulk packagings and hazardous materials subject to § 172.505, when hazardous materials covered by table 2 of this section are transported by highway or rail, placards are not required on— (1) A transport vehicle or freight container which contains less than 454 kg (1001 pounds) aggregate gross weight of hazardous materials covered by table 2 of paragraph (e) of this section; or”
The other listed case is a rail car loaded with transport vehicles or freight containers, none of which is required to be placarded.
“(2) A rail car loaded with transport vehicles or freight containers, none of which is required to be placarded.”
These exceptions do not prohibit displaying placards in the manner the subpart prescribes, if not otherwise prohibited (see 172.502), on transport vehicles or freight containers that are not required to be placarded.
“The exceptions provided in paragraph (c) of this section do not prohibit the display of placards in the manner prescribed in this subpart, if not otherwise prohibited (see § 172.502), on transport vehicles or freight containers which are not required to be placarded.”
Under 172.512(a), the 172.504(c) placarding exception applies to motor vehicles transporting freight containers and aircraft unit load devices.
“The placarding exception provided in § 172.504(c) applies to motor vehicles transporting freight containers and aircraft unit load devices,”
49 CFR 172.512, Freight containers and aircraft unit load devices
Under the same paragraph, the 172.504(c) exception also applies to each freight container and aircraft unit load device being transported for delivery to a consignee immediately following an air or water shipment.
“The placarding exception provided in § 172.504(c) applies to each freight container and aircraft unit load device being transported for delivery to a consignee immediately following an air or water shipment”
49 CFR 172.512, Freight containers and aircraft unit load devices
Except for hazardous materials subject to 172.505, a non-bulk packaging that contains only the residue of a Table 2 material need not be included in determining placarding requirements.
“Except for hazardous materials subject to § 172.505, a non-bulk packaging that contains only the residue of a hazardous material covered by Table 2 of paragraph (e) of this section need not be included in determining placarding requirements.”
Transport vehicles or freight containers used to transport empty IBCs in accordance with 173.29(d) are not subject to the placarding requirements of Part 172.
“Transport vehicles or freight containers used to transport empty IBCs in accordance with § 173.29(d) of this subchapter are not subject to placarding requirements of this part.”
DANGEROUS placard and other substitutions
A freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle or rail car that contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that require different Table 2 placards may be placarded with a DANGEROUS placard instead of the separate Table 2 placards.
“A freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle, or rail car which contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that require different placards specified in table 2 of paragraph (e) of this section may be placarded with a DANGEROUS placard instead of the separate placarding specified for each of the materials in table 2 of paragraph (e) of this section.”
However, when 1,000 kg (2,205 pounds) aggregate gross weight or more of one category of material is loaded at one loading facility, the Table 2 placard for that category must be applied.
“However, when 1,000 kg (2,205 pounds) aggregate gross weight or more of one category of material is loaded therein at one loading facility on a freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle, or rail car, the placard specified in table 2 of paragraph (e) of this section for that category must be applied.”
When more than one division placard is required for Class 1 materials on a transport vehicle, rail car, freight container or unit load device, only the placard representing the lowest division number must be displayed.
“When more than one division placard is required for Class 1 materials on a transport vehicle, rail car, freight container or unit load device, only the placard representing the lowest division number must be displayed.”
A FLAMMABLE placard may be used in place of a COMBUSTIBLE placard on a cargo tank or portable tank, or on a compartmented tank car that contains both flammable and combustible liquids.
“A FLAMMABLE placard may be used in place of a COMBUSTIBLE placard on— (i) A cargo tank or portable tank. (ii) A compartmented tank car which contains both flammable and combustible liquids.”
A NON-FLAMMABLE GAS placard is not required on a transport vehicle that contains non-flammable gas if the vehicle also contains flammable gas or oxygen and is placarded with FLAMMABLE GAS or OXYGEN placards, as required.
“A NON-FLAMMABLE GAS placard is not required on a transport vehicle which contains nonflammable gas if the transport vehicle also contains flammable gas or oxygen and it is placarded with FLAMMABLE GAS or OXYGEN placards, as required.”
For domestic transportation, a POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard is not required on a transport vehicle or freight container that is already placarded with the POISON GAS placard.
“For domestic transportation, a POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard is not required on a transport vehicle or freight container that is already placarded with the POISON GAS placard.”
For domestic transportation, a POISON placard is not required on a transport vehicle or freight container required to display a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard.
“For domestic transportation, a POISON placard is not required on a transport vehicle or freight container required to display a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard.”
A CLASS 9 placard is not required for domestic transportation, including the portion of international transportation that occurs within the United States, but a bulk packaging must still be marked with the appropriate identification number on a CLASS 9 placard, an orange panel, or a white square-on-point display configuration as required by Subpart D.
“For Class 9, a CLASS 9 placard is not required for domestic transportation, including that portion of international transportation, defined in § 171.8 of this subchapter, which occurs within the United States. However, a bulk packaging must be marked with the appropriate identification number on a CLASS 9 placard, an orange panel, or a white square-on-point display configuration as required by subpart D of this part.”
Not covered here
The OXIDIZER exceptions in 172.504(f)(4)-(5), the 1.4S exception in 172.504(f)(6), the OXYGEN placard option in 172.504(f)(7), the PG III text option in 172.504(f)(10) and the Class 1 compatibility group rules in 172.504(g) (aircraft and vessel) are not set out point by point here. We only write what an official source states, so study these parts with your certifying program's materials.
Subsidiary hazards and bulk packagings
Each transport vehicle, freight container, portable tank, unit load device or rail car that contains a poisonous material subject to the “Poison Inhalation Hazard” shipping description of 172.203(m) must be placarded with a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard, as appropriate, on each side and each end, in addition to any other placard required for that material in 172.504. Duplication of that placard is not required.
“Each transport vehicle, freight container, portable tank, unit load device, or rail car that contains a poisonous material subject to the “Poison Inhalation Hazard” shipping description of § 172.203(m) must be placarded with a POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard, as appropriate, on each side and each end, in addition to any other placard required for that material in § 172.504. Duplication of the POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placard is not required.”
Each transport vehicle, portable tank or freight container that contains 454 kg (1,001 pounds) or more gross weight of non-fissile, fissile-excepted or fissile uranium hexafluoride must be placarded with a CORROSIVE placard and a POISON placard on each side and each end, in addition to any RADIOACTIVE placard required by 172.504(e).
“In addition to the RADIOACTIVE placard which may be required by § 172.504(e), each transport vehicle, portable tank or freight container that contains 454 kg (1,001 pounds) or more gross weight of non-fissile, fissile-excepted, or fissile uranium hexafluoride must be placarded with a CORROSIVE placard and a POISON placard on each side and each end.”
Each transport vehicle, portable tank, freight container or unit load device that contains a material with a subsidiary hazard of being dangerous when wet, as defined in 173.124, must be placarded with DANGEROUS WHEN WET placards on each side and each end, in addition to the placards required by 172.504.
“Each transport vehicle, portable tank, freight container or unit load device that contains a material which has a subsidiary hazard of being dangerous when wet, as defined in § 173.124 of this subchapter, shall be placarded with DANGEROUS WHEN WET placards, on each side and each end, in addition to the placards required by § 172.504.”
Except as provided in 172.514(c) and (d), each person who offers for transportation a bulk packaging that contains a hazardous material must affix the placards specified for the material in 172.504 and 172.505.
“Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, each person who offers for transportation a bulk packaging which contains a hazardous material, shall affix the placards specified for the material in §§ 172.504 and 172.505.”
A bulk packaging that is required to be placarded when it contains a hazardous material must remain placarded when it is emptied, unless one of the listed conditions applies; the first is that it is sufficiently cleaned of residue and purged of vapors to remove any potential hazard.
“Each bulk packaging that is required to be placarded when it contains a hazardous material, must remain placarded when it is emptied, unless it— (1) Is sufficiently cleaned of residue and purged of vapors to remove any potential hazard;”
The other conditions are that it is refilled, with a material requiring different placards or no placards, to such an extent that any remaining residue is no longer hazardous; that it contains the residue of a Class 9 hazardous substance in a quantity less than the reportable quantity and conforms to 173.29(b)(1); or that it is an empty IBC transported in accordance with 173.29(d).
“(2) Is refilled, with a material requiring different placards or no placards, to such an extent that any residue remaining in the packaging is no longer hazardous; (3) Contains the residue of a hazardous substance in Class 9 in a quantity less than the reportable quantity, and conforms to § 173.29(b)(1) of this subchapter; or (4) Is an empty IBC transported in accordance with § 173.29(d).”
A portable tank with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) may be placarded on only two opposite sides or, alternatively, labeled instead of placarded in accordance with Subpart E.
“The following packagings may be placarded on only two opposite sides or, alternatively, may be labeled instead of placarded in accordance with subpart E of this part: (1) A portable tank having a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons).”
A flexible bulk container may be placarded in two opposing positions.
“A flexible bulk container may be placarded in two opposing positions.”
Not covered here
The other packagings listed in 172.514(c) (DOT 106 or 110 multi-unit tank car tanks, bulk packagings such as bulk bags or boxes of less than 640 cubic feet, IBCs and Large Packagings) and the reduced-size combustible placard options are not set out point by point here. We only write what an official source states, so study these parts with your certifying program's materials.
Visibility, display and placard specifications
Each placard on a motor vehicle must be clearly visible from the direction it faces, except from the direction of another transport vehicle to which the motor vehicle is coupled. Placards displayed on the freight containers or portable tanks loaded on the motor vehicle may meet this requirement.
“Each placard on a motor vehicle and each placard on a rail car must be clearly visible from the direction it faces, except from the direction of another transport vehicle or rail car to which the motor vehicle or rail car is coupled. This requirement may be met by the placards displayed on the freight containers or portable tanks loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car.”
The required placarding of the front of a motor vehicle may be on the front of a truck-tractor instead of or in addition to the placarding on the front of the cargo body.
“The required placarding of the front of a motor vehicle may be on the front of a truck-tractor instead of or in addition to the placarding on the front of the cargo body to which a truck-tractor is attached.”
Each placard on a transport vehicle, bulk packaging, freight container or aircraft unit load device must be securely attached or affixed or placed in a holder, and must be located clear of appurtenances and devices such as ladders, pipes, doors and tarpaulins.
“Each placard on a transport vehicle, bulk packaging, freight container or aircraft unit load device must— (1) Be securely attached or affixed thereto or placed in a holder thereon. (See appendix C to this part.); (2) Be located clear of appurtenances and devices such as ladders, pipes, doors, and tarpaulins;”
So far as practicable, it must be located so that dirt or water is not directed to it from the wheels, and it must be located away from any marking (such as advertising) that could substantially reduce its effectiveness, in any case at least 3 inches (76.0 mm) away from such marking.
“(3) So far as practicable, be located so that dirt or water is not directed to it from the wheels of the transport vehicle; (4) Be located away from any marking (such as advertising) that could substantially reduce its effectiveness, and in any case at least 3 inches (76.0 mm.) away from such marking;”
The words or identification number (when authorized) printed on it must be displayed horizontally, reading from left to right, and the carrier must maintain it so that its format, legibility, color and visibility will not be substantially reduced due to damage, deterioration, or obscurement by dirt or other matter.
“(5) Have the words or identification number (when authorized) printed on it displayed horizontally, reading from left to right; (6) Be maintained by the carrier in a condition so that the format, legibility, color, and visibility of the placard will not be substantially reduced due to damage, deterioration, or obscurement by dirt or other matter;”
A placard may be made of any plastic, metal or other material capable of withstanding, without deterioration or a substantial reduction in effectiveness, a 30-day exposure to open weather conditions.
“A placard may be made of any plastic, metal or other material capable of withstanding, without deterioration or a substantial reduction in effectiveness, a 30-day exposure to open weather conditions.”
For placards other than Class 7 or the DANGEROUS placard, text indicating a hazard (for example, “FLAMMABLE”) is not required. Text may be omitted from the OXYGEN placard only if the specific identification number is displayed on it.
“For other than Class 7 or the DANGEROUS placard, text indicating a hazard (for example, “FLAMMABLE”) is not required. Text may be omitted from the OXYGEN placard only if the specific identification number is displayed on the placard.”
Each diamond (square-on-point) placard must measure at least 250 mm (9.84 inches) on each side. For domestic transportation, a placard manufactured prior to January 1, 2017, in conformance with this paragraph as in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life provided the color tolerances are maintained and are in accordance with the display requirements.
“Each diamond (square-on-point) placard prescribed in this subpart must measure at least 250 mm (9.84 inches) on each side and must have a solid line inner border approximately 12.5 mm inside and parallel to the edge. The 12.5 mm measurement is from the outside edge of the placard to the outside of the solid line forming the inner border. For domestic transportation, a placard manufactured prior to January 1, 2017, in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life provided the color tolerances are maintained and are in accordance with the display requirements of this subchapter.”
The word “GASOLINE” may be used in place of “FLAMMABLE” on a placard displayed on a cargo tank or a portable tank being used to transport gasoline by highway.
“The word “GASOLINE” may be used in place of the word “FLAMMABLE” on a placard that is displayed on a cargo tank or a portable tank being used to transport gasoline by highway.”
The words “FUEL OIL” may be used in place of “COMBUSTIBLE” on a placard displayed on a cargo tank or portable tank being used to transport by highway fuel oil that is not classed as a flammable liquid.
“The words “FUEL OIL” may be used in place of the word “COMBUSTIBLE” on a placard that is displayed on a cargo tank or portable tank being used to transport by highway fuel oil that is not classed as a flammable liquid.”
Not covered here
Placard colors, symbols and artwork (172.519(d) and 172.521 through 172.560), tagboard specifications, placard holders (172.516(d)-(e)) and the TOXIC wording option in 172.554 are not described here. We only write what an official source states, so study these parts with your certifying program's materials.
Sources
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.500, Applicability of placarding requirements (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.506, Providing and affixing placards: Highway (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.507, Special placarding provisions: Highway (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.512, Freight containers and aircraft unit load devices (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.502, Prohibited and permissive placarding (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.505, Placarding for subsidiary hazards (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.504, General placarding requirements (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.514, Bulk packagings (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.516, Visibility and display of placards (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.519, General specifications for placards (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.542, FLAMMABLE placard (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
- eCFR: 49 CFR 172.544, COMBUSTIBLE placard (as of Nov 4, 2026)Checked November 6, 2026
Other CDL study guides: License standards, Driver qualifications, Driving rules, Hours of service, Inspection and maintenance, Brakes, Cargo securement, Drug and alcohol testing, Hazmat classes and definitions, Hazmat shipping papers and emergency information, Hazmat marking, Hazmat highway carriage, loading and segregation, Hazmat driving, parking and training